Methyl Orange degradation under visible Light over the heterojunction CuO/ZnO MPs prepared with precipitation assisted biosynthesis

与散装材料相比，纳米材料具有独特的物理、化学、视觉和催化性能，使得纳米材料的研究越来越普遍。碳基污染物尤其是染料对人类生存和环境的破坏性影响已受到人们的重视。以半导体为催化剂的光催化降解技术能有效地消除这些颜色污染物。众多的半导体可作为光催化剂来除去这些污染物，在这些材料中，ZnO由于许多优异的性能引起了人们极大的关注。室温下，ZnO宽带隙约为3.34eV，它的激子束缚能高达60meV，这对光催化应用是极其有吸引力的。由于ZnO具有较宽的带隙，其在可见光下光催化降解能力较弱。然而，往ZnO掺入其他金属元素或构建异质结可以提升其可见光的光催化性能。由于CuO具有较窄的带隙(1.2eV)和特殊的物...Research on microstructures has become increasingly popular due to their peculiar physicochemical and catalytic features compared to bulk ones. The damaging effects of carbon-based contaminants particularly dyes have received important attention owing to its influence on human exists and the setting. Photocatalytic degradation of these color contaminants employing semiconductors has been proven as...学位：工学硕士院系专业：化学化工学院_化学工程学号：2042015115469

Study of Some Toxic Effects of Diminazine in Vitro

Background: The trypanocidal agent, diminazine have been shown to produce some toxic effects such as itching, hypotension and gastrointestinal disturbances among the migratory domestic animals, especially in camels during the dry season in South-western Sudan.                                                                  Objective: The present study was an attempt to explain some toxic effects of diminazine in vitro. Methods: A number of qualitative and quantitative experiments have been done to elucidate these mechanisms using different concentrations of diminazine.  Results: Incubation of different concentrations of diminazine with rat lung chops and their intraperitoneal administration, produced incubates that potently stimulated the isolated guinea-pig ileum. The obtained contractions were dosedependent and effectively blocked by the anti-histamine, diphenhydramine. The yielded incubated mixtures when developed on paper chromatography with authentic samples showed two spots with Rf values and colours similar to those of heparin and histamine when sprayed with ninhydrin or exposed to iodine vapour. The extent to which diminazine released histamine was determined by measuring the concentrations of the released histamine using the three-point assay. The addition of EDTA, diltiazem and dinitrophenol separately to the incubated mixtures indicated that the release of histamine and the accompanied heparin was calcium-and energy-dependent, most probably by exocytosis and damaging the lung and peritoneal mast cells.  When tested on isolated rabbit jejunum, diminazine was found to potentiate the effect of histamine with pA1/2 value of 5.4 ± 0.13 compared to 5.6 ± 0.15 for aminoguanidine, the standard diamine oxidase inhibitors. Conclusion: Diminazine was found to have a potent histamine releasing capacity. These findings indicated that the severe toxic effects produced by diminazine might be due to its ability to release histamine and/or potentiating its effects.&nbsp

Diagnostic value of delayed washout rate of contrast-enhanced multi-detector computed tomography in adrenal incidentalomas

Introduction: Most adrenal incidentalomas are benign non-hyperfunctioning adenomas which can be categorized as lipid-rich or lipid-poor. An adrenal CT post-contrast delayed washout study may differentiate adenomas from other adrenal neoplasms.Aim of the work: To evaluate the role of MDCT in detecting adrenal incidentalomas with assessment of the diagnostic value of 15-min delayed washout rate in the differentiation of these incidentally detected adrenal lesions.Materials and methods: Sixty-four patients with adrenal incidentaloma were enrolled in this study that was carried out in the period from January 2010 to January 2013. The mean attenuation values of adrenal masses were measured in the pre-contrast, post-contrast venous and delayed enhanced phases in addition to estimation of 15-min delayed washout rate. The relative percentage washout (RPW) and absolute percentage washout (APW) values were calculated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of different MDCT phases at optimal cut-off values for diagnosis of adrenal incidentalomas.Results: The detected incidentalomas included 46 adenomas and 18 non-adenomas. The accuracy of the RPW at a washout threshold of P40% was 98.9%, and the accuracy of APW at a washout threshold of P60% was 99%. Conclusion: The 15-min delayed washout MDCT could be a valuable diagnostic tool in adrenal incidentalomas. At APW P60% and RPW P40%, it is significantly accurate in differentiating adrenal adenomatous lesions.KEYWORDS Washout; Multi-detector computed tomography; Adrenal incidentaloma

Spectral clustering for TRUS images

BACKGROUND: Identifying the location and the volume of the prostate is important for ultrasound-guided prostate brachytherapy. Prostate volume is also important for prostate cancer diagnosis. Manual outlining of the prostate border is able to determine the prostate volume accurately, however, it is time consuming and tedious. Therefore, a number of investigations have been devoted to designing algorithms that are suitable for segmenting the prostate boundary in ultrasound images. The most popular method is the deformable model (snakes), a method that involves designing an energy function and then optimizing this function. The snakes algorithm usually requires either an initial contour or some points on the prostate boundary to be estimated close enough to the original boundary which is considered a drawback to this powerful method. METHODS: The proposed spectral clustering segmentation algorithm is built on a totally different foundation that doesn't involve any function design or optimization. It also doesn't need any contour or any points on the boundary to be estimated. The proposed algorithm depends mainly on graph theory techniques. RESULTS: Spectral clustering is used in this paper for both prostate gland segmentation from the background and internal gland segmentation. The obtained segmented images were compared to the expert radiologist segmented images. The proposed algorithm obtained excellent gland segmentation results with 93% average overlap areas. It is also able to internally segment the gland where the segmentation showed consistency with the cancerous regions identified by the expert radiologist. CONCLUSION: The proposed spectral clustering segmentation algorithm obtained fast excellent estimates that can give rough prostate volume and location as well as internal gland segmentation without any user interaction

Glutathione S-transferase M1, T1 and P1 gene polymorphisms and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian diabetic patients with and without diabetic vascular complications

Background and aim of work: Persistent oxidative stress is one of several factors thatparticipate in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a family of antioxidant enzymes that exert important antioxidant roles in the elimination of reactive oxygen species. We aimed to assess the association of genetic polymorphisms in the GST isoenzymes M1, T1 and P1 with the risk of developing T2DM and its vascular related complications in Egyptian diabetic patients.Subjects and methods: Fifty-four T2DM patients of whom twenty-seven were suffering from vascular complications were compared to fifty-one healthy volunteers. Null genotypes in the GST M1 and T1 genes were screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The A313G single nucleotide polymorphism in the GSTP1 gene was detected using PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism.Results: No significant differences were noted between diabetic cases and control group regarding frequencies of null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes (χ2p=0.631 and χ2p= 0.832, respectively). Furthermore, both null genotypes were not associated with the risk of developing T2DM or its related vascular complications whether alone or in combination. The frequency of the heterozygous mutation (AG) in the A313G GSTP1 polymorphism among diabetic cases with and diabetic cases without vascular complications was significantly higher compared to the control group (p=0.023). The risk of developing T2DM was significantly higher in cases presenting with combined heterozygous GSTP1 and null GSTM1 genotypes (Odds ratio= 6.285, 95% confidence interval =1.184–33.347, p=0.021).Conclusion: Our results could point out to potential roles of GSTP1 polymorphism alone or combined with GSTM1 gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of T2DM related oxidative stress. Screening for other functional GST gene polymorphisms is important to understand the impact of interaction of multiple genetic factors in the pathogenesis of T2DM